Resource tracking for background processes

This introduces a mechanism for tracking resource usage by background
processes, along with an example of how it will be used.

This will help address #3518, but more importantly will give us better insights
into things which are happening but not being shown up by the request metrics.

We *could* do this with Measure blocks, but:
 - I think having them pulled out as a completely separate metric class will
   make it easier to distinguish top-level processes from those which are
   nested.

 - I want to be able to report on in-flight background processes, and I don't
   think we want to do this for *all* Measure blocks.