Mark Module API error imports as re-exported and mark Synapse as containing type annotations (#11054)

Instead of only dumping them if trial passes.

* support ubuntu 21.10 indri

* add changelog

* update to correct codename

Co-authored-by: Brendan Abolivier <github@brendanabolivier.com>

Co-authored-by: Brendan Abolivier <github@brendanabolivier.com>

The race allowed the current position to advance too far when stream IDs
are still being persisted.

This happened when it received a new stream ID from a remote write
between a new stream ID being allocated and it being added to the set of
unpersisted stream IDs.

Fixes #9424.

This reverts #11019 and structures the code a bit more like it was before #10985.

The global cache state must be reset before running the tests since other test
cases might have configured caching (and thus touched the global state).

Synapse 1.45.0rc1 (2021-10-12)
==============================

**Note:** We are aware of [a performance issue](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11049) introduced in Synapse v1.44.0, as well as [a bug](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11025) with the user directory when using application services. While this release candidate doesn't fix either of those issues, a second release candidate is expected to come out in a few days to address them.

Media storage providers module that read from Synapse's configuration need changes as of this version, see the [upgrade notes](https://matrix-org.github.io/synapse/develop/upgrade#upgrading-to-v1450) for more information.

Features
--------

- Add [MSC3069](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/3069) support to `/account/whoami`. ([\#9655](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/9655))
- Support autodiscovery of oEmbed previews. ([\#10822](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10822))
- Add a `user_may_send_3pid_invite` spam checker callback for modules to allow or deny 3PID invites. ([\#10894](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10894))
- Add a spam checker callback to allow or deny room joins. ([\#10910](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10910))
- Include an `update_synapse_database` script in the distribution. Contributed by @Fizzadar at Beeper. ([\#10954](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10954))
- Include exception information in JSON logging output. Contributed by @Fizzadar at Beeper. ([\#11028](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11028))

Bugfixes
--------

- Fix a minor bug in the response to `/_matrix/client/r0/voip/turnServer`. Contributed by @lukaslihotzki. ([\#10922](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10922))
- Fix a bug where empty `yyyy-mm-dd/` directories would be left behind in the media store's `url_cache_thumbnails/` directory. ([\#10924](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10924))
- Fix a bug introduced in Synapse v1.40.0 where the signature checks for room version 8 and 9 could be applied to earlier room versions in some situations. ([\#10927](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10927))
- Fix a long-standing bug wherein deactivated users still count towards the monthly active users limit. ([\#10947](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10947))
- Fix a long-standing bug which meant that events received over federation were sometimes incorrectly accepted into the room state. ([\#10956](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10956))
- Fix a long-standing bug where rebuilding the user directory wouldn't exclude support and deactivated users. ([\#10960](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10960))
- Fix [MSC2716](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2716) `/batch_send` endpoint rejecting subsequent batches with unknown batch ID error in existing room versions from the room creator. ([\#10962](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10962))
- Fix a bug that could leak local users' per-room nicknames and avatars when the user directory is rebuilt. ([\#10981](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10981))
- Fix a long-standing bug where the remainder of a batch of user directory changes would be silently dropped if the server left a room early in the batch. ([\#10982](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10982))
- Correct a bugfix introduced in Synapse v1.44.0 that would catch the wrong error if a connection is lost before a response could be written to it. ([\#10995](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10995))
- Fix a long-standing bug where local users' per-room nicknames/avatars were visible to anyone who could see you in the user directory. ([\#11002](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11002))
- Fix a long-standing bug where a user's per-room nickname/avatar would overwrite their profile in the user directory when a room was made public. ([\#11003](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11003))
- Work around a regression, introduced in Synapse v1.39.0, that caused `SynapseError`s raised by the experimental third-party rules module callback `check_event_allowed` to be ignored. ([\#11042](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11042))
- Fix a bug in [MSC2716](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2716) insertion events in rooms that could cause cross-talk/conflicts between batches. ([\#10877](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10877))

Improved Documentation
----------------------

- Change wording ("reference homeserver") in Synapse repository documentation. Contributed by @maxkratz. ([\#10971](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10971))
- Fix a dead URL in development documentation (SAML) and change wording from "Riot" to "Element". Contributed by @maxkratz. ([\#10973](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10973))
- Add additional content to the Welcome and Overview page of the documentation. ([\#10990](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10990))
- Update links to MSCs in documentation. Contributed by @dklimpel. ([\#10991](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10991))

Internal Changes
----------------

- Improve type hinting in `synapse.util`. ([\#10888](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10888))
- Add further type hints to `synapse.storage.util`. ([\#10892](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10892))
- Fix type hints to be compatible with an upcoming change to Twisted. ([\#10895](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10895))
- Update utility code to handle C implementations of frozendict. ([\#10902](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10902))
- Drop old functionality which maintained database compatibility with Synapse versions before v1.31. ([\#10903](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10903))
- Clean-up configuration helper classes for the `ServerConfig` class. ([\#10915](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10915))
- Use direct references to config flags. ([\#10916](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10916), [\#10959](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10959), [\#10985](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10985))
- Clean up some of the federation event authentication code for clarity. ([\#10926](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10926), [\#10940](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10940), [\#10986](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10986), [\#10987](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10987), [\#10988](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10988), [\#11010](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11010), [\#11011](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11011))
- Refactor various parts of the codebase to use `RoomVersion` objects instead of room version identifier strings. ([\#10934](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10934))
- Refactor user directory tests in preparation for upcoming changes. ([\#10935](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10935))
- Include the event id in the logcontext when handling PDUs received over federation. ([\#10936](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10936))
- Fix logged errors in unit tests. ([\#10939](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10939))
- Fix a broken test to ensure that consent configuration works during registration. ([\#10945](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10945))
- Add type hints to filtering classes. ([\#10958](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10958))
- Add type-hint to `HomeserverTestcase.setup_test_homeserver`. ([\#10961](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10961))
- Fix the test utility function `create_room_as` so that `is_public=True` will explicitly set the `visibility` parameter of room creation requests to `public`. Contributed by @AndrewFerr. ([\#10963](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10963))
- Make the release script more robust and transparent. ([\#10966](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10966))
- Refactor [MSC2716](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2716) `/batch_send` mega function into smaller handler functions. ([\#10974](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10974))
- Log stack traces when a missing opentracing span is detected. ([\#10983](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10983))
- Update GHA config to run tests against Python 3.10 and PostgreSQL 14. ([\#10992](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10992))
- Fix a long-standing bug where `ReadWriteLock`s could drop logging contexts on exit. ([\#10993](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10993))
- Add a `CODEOWNERS` file to automatically request reviews from the `@matrix-org/synapse-core` team on new pull requests. ([\#10994](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/10994))
- Add further type hints to `synapse.state`. ([\#11004](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11004))
- Remove the deprecated `BaseHandler` object. ([\#11005](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11005))
- Bump mypy version for CI to 0.910, and pull in new type stubs for dependencies. ([\#11006](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11006))
- Fix CI to run the unit tests without optional deps. ([\#11017](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11017))
- Ensure that cache config tests do not share state. ([\#11019](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11019))
- Add additional type hints to `synapse.server_notices`. ([\#11021](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11021))
- Add additional type hints for `synapse.push`. ([\#11023](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11023))
- When installing the optional developer dependencies, also include the dependencies needed for type-checking and unit testing. ([\#11034](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11034))
- Remove unnecessary list comprehension from `synapse_port_db` to satisfy code style requirements. ([\#11043](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/11043))

Make `get_last_client_by_ip` return the same dictionary structure
regardless of whether the data has been persisted to the database.

This change will allow slightly cleaner type hints to be applied later
on.

This commit fixes two bugs to do with decorators not instrumenting
`ReplicationEndpoint`'s `send_request` correctly. There are two
decorators on `send_request`: Prometheus' `Gauge.track_inprogress()`
and Synapse's `opentracing.trace`.

`Gauge.track_inprogress()` does not have any support for async
functions when used as a decorator. Since async functions behave like
regular functions that return coroutines, only the creation of the
coroutine was covered by the metric and none of the actual body of
`send_request`.

`Gauge.track_inprogress()` returns a regular, non-async function
wrapping `send_request`, which is the source of the next bug.
The `opentracing.trace` decorator would normally handle async functions
correctly, but since the wrapped `send_request` is a non-async function,
the decorator ends up suffering from the same issue as
`Gauge.track_inprogress()`: the opentracing span only measures the
creation of the coroutine and none of the actual function body.

Using `Gauge.track_inprogress()` as a context manager instead of a
decorator resolves both bugs.

Pass through `SynapseError`s that are raised from experimental `check_event_allowed` callback of the module API (#11042)

Co-authored-by: Brendan Abolivier <babolivier@matrix.org>

Co-authored-by: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>

Searches the returned HTML for an oEmbed endpoint using the
autodiscovery mechanism (`<link rel=...>`), and will request it
to generate the preview.

Signed-off-by: Olivier Wilkinson (reivilibre) <oliverw@matrix.org>

Also mark `synapse.streams` as having has no untyped defs

Co-authored-by: Sean Quah <8349537+squahtx@users.noreply.github.com>

Updating mypy past version 0.9 means that third-party stubs are no-longer distributed with typeshed. See http://mypy-lang.blogspot.com/2021/06/mypy-0900-released.html

 for details.
We therefore pull in stub packages in setup.py

Additionally, some modules that we were previously ignoring import failures for now have stubs. So let's use them.

The rest of this change consists of fixups to make the newer mypy + stubs pass CI.

Co-authored-by: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>

This splits apart `handle_new_user` into a function which adds an entry to the `user_directory` and a function which updates the room sharing tables. I plan to continue doing more of this kind of refactoring to clarify the implementation.

The shared ratelimit function was replaced with a dedicated
RequestRatelimiter class (accessible from the HomeServer
object).

Other properties were copied to each sub-class that inherited
from BaseHandler.

Use `PreserveLoggingContext()` to ensure that logging contexts are not
lost when exiting a read/write lock.

When exiting a read/write lock, callbacks on a `Deferred` are triggered
as a signal to any waiting coroutines. Any waiting coroutine that
becomes runnable is likely to follow the Synapse logging context rules
and will restore its own logging context, then either run to completion
or await another `Deferred`, resetting the logging context in the
process.