Currently causes future incremental syncs to fail.

Broke by #12191

Broke by #12364

Now that MSC2675 has passed FCP and the implementation is
compliant with the final version.

As discussed at https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/12179#discussion_r837263852

And update the upgrade notes to point at old versions of the documentation.

Fixes a bug introduced in #11417 where we would only included backfilled events
in `synapse_event_persisted_position`

Principally, `prometheus_client.REGISTRY.register` now requires its argument to
extend `prometheus_client.Collector`.

Additionally, `Gauge.set` is now annotated so that passing `Optional[int]`
causes an error.

Co-authored-by: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Brendan Abolivier <babolivier@matrix.org>

Update mdbook (the tool used to render the documentation website) to version 0.4.17.

Just after a task acquires a contended `Linearizer` lock, it sleeps.
If the task is cancelled during this sleep, we need to release the lock.

Signed-off-by: Sean Quah <seanq@element.io>

`StreamToken.from_string` and `RoomStreamToken.parse` are both async
methods that could be cancelled. These methods must not replace
`CancelledError`s with `SynapseError`s.

Signed-off-by: Sean Quah <seanq@element.io>

Signed-off-by: Sean Quah <seanq@element.io>

Refactor and convert `Linearizer` to async. This makes a `Linearizer`
cancellation bug easier to fix.

Also refactor to use an async context manager, which eliminates an
unlikely footgun where code that doesn't immediately use the context
manager could forget to release the lock.

Signed-off-by: Sean Quah <seanq@element.io>

Signed-off-by: Sean Quah <seanq@element.io>

Fix a spec compliance issue where requests to the `/publicRooms` federation API would specify `limit` as a string. (#12364)

Synapse 1.56.0rc1 (2022-03-29)
==============================

Features
--------

- Allow modules to store already existing 3PID associations. ([\#12195](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12195))
- Allow registering server administrators using the module API. Contributed by Famedly. ([\#12250](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12250))

Bugfixes
--------

- Fix a long-standing bug which caused the `/_matrix/federation/v1/state` and `/_matrix/federation/v1/state_ids` endpoints to return incorrect or invalid data when called for an event which we have stored as an "outlier". ([\#12087](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12087))
- Fix a long-standing bug where events from ignored users would still be considered for relations. ([\#12227](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12227), [\#12232](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12232), [\#12285](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12285))
- Fix a bug introduced in Synapse 1.53.0 where an unnecessary query could be performed when fetching bundled aggregations for threads. ([\#12228](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12228))
- Fix a bug introduced in Synapse 1.52.0 where admins could not deactivate and GDPR-erase a user if Synapse was configured with limits on avatars. ([\#12261](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12261))

Improved Documentation
----------------------

- Fix the link to the module documentation in the legacy spam checker warning message. ([\#12231](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12231))
- Remove incorrect prefixes in the worker documentation for some endpoints. ([\#12243](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12243))
- Correct `check_username_for_spam` annotations and docs. ([\#12246](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12246))
- Correct Authentik OpenID typo, and add notes on troubleshooting. Contributed by @IronTooch. ([\#12275](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12275))
- HAProxy reverse proxy guide update to stop sending IPv4-mapped address to homeserver. Contributed by @villepeh. ([\#12279](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12279))

Internal Changes
----------------

- Rename `shared_rooms` to `mutual_rooms` ([MSC2666](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2666)), as per proposal changes. ([\#12036](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12036))
- Remove check on `update_user_directory` for shared rooms handler ([MSC2666](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2666)), and update/expand documentation. ([\#12038](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12038))
- Refactor `create_new_client_event` to use a new parameter, `state_event_ids`, which accurately describes the usage with [MSC2716](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2716) instead of abusing `auth_event_ids`. ([\#12083](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12083), [\#12304](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12304))
- Refuse to start if registration is enabled without email, captcha, or token-based verification unless the new config flag `enable_registration_without_verification` is set. ([\#12091](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12091))
- Add tests for database transaction callbacks. ([\#12198](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12198))
- Handle cancellation in `DatabasePool.runInteraction`. ([\#12199](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12199))
- Add missing type hints for cache storage. ([\#12216](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12216))
- Add missing type hints for storage. ([\#12248](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12248), [\#12255](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12255))
- Add type hints to tests files. ([\#12224](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12224), [\#12240](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12240), [\#12256](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12256))
- Use type stubs for `psycopg2`. ([\#12269](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12269))
- Improve type annotations for `execute_values`. ([\#12311](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12311))
- Clean-up logic around rebasing URLs for URL image previews. ([\#12219](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12219))
- Use the `ignored_users` table in additional places instead of re-parsing the account data. ([\#12225](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12225))
- Refactor the relations endpoints to add a `RelationsHandler`. ([\#12237](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12237))
- Generate announcement links in the release script. ([\#12242](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12242))
- Improve error message when dependencies check finds a broken installation. ([\#12244](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12244))
- Compress metrics HTTP resource when enabled. Contributed by Nick @ Beeper. ([\#12258](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12258))
- Refuse to start if the PostgreSQL database has a non-`C` locale, unless the config flag `allow_unsafe_db_locale` is set to true. ([\#12262](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12262), [\#12288](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12288))
- Optionally include account validity expiration information to experimental [MSC3720](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/3720) account status responses. ([\#12266](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12266))
- Add a new cache `_get_membership_from_event_id` to speed up push rule calculations in large rooms. ([\#12272](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12272))
- Re-enable Complement concurrency in CI. ([\#12283](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12283))
- Remove unused test utilities. ([\#12291](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12291))
- Enhance logging for inbound federation events. ([\#12301](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12301))
- Fix compatibility with the recently-released Jinja 3.1. ([\#12313](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12313))
- Avoid trying to calculate the state at outlier events. ([\#12314](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12314))

To be reverted after the Synapse 1.56 release.

Signed-off-by: Sean Quah <seanq@element.io>

Part of https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/12110

Complement test: https://github.com/matrix-org/complement/pull/354

Previously, they didn't resolve because async `filter_events_for_client`
removes all outlier state except for out-of-band membership.

And fundamentally, we have the state at these events so they shouldn't be marked as outliers.

* Prefill the device_list_stream_cache

* Newsfile

* Newsfile

This is a first step in dealing with #7721.

The idea is basically that rather than calculating the full set of users a device list update needs to be sent to up front, we instead simply record the rooms the user was in at the time of the change. This will allow a few things:

1. we can defer calculating the set of remote servers that need to be poked about the change; and
2. during `/sync` and `/keys/changes` we can avoid also avoid calculating users who share rooms with other users, and instead just look at the rooms that have changed.

However, care needs to be taken to correctly handle server downgrades. As such this PR writes to both `device_lists_changes_in_room` and the `device_lists_outbound_pokes` table synchronously. In a future release we can then bump the database schema compat version to `69` and then we can assume that the new `device_lists_changes_in_room` exists and is handled.

There is a temporary option to disable writing to `device_lists_outbound_pokes` synchronously, allowing us to test the new code path does work (and by implication upgrading to a future release and downgrading to this one will work correctly).

Note: Ideally we'd do the calculation of room to servers on a worker (e.g. the background worker), but currently only master can write to the `device_list_outbound_pokes` table.

In particular, add type hints for get_success and friends, which are then helpful in a bunch of places.