import pydantic objects from the `_pydantic_compat` module (#17667)

This PR changes `from pydantic import BaseModel` to `from
synapse._pydantic_compat import BaseModel` (as well as `constr`,
`conbytes`, `conint`, `confloat`).

It allows `check_pydantic_models.py` to mock those pydantic objects only
in the synapse module, and not interfere with pydantic objects in
external dependencies.

This should solve the CI problems for #17144, which breaks because
`check_pydantic_models.py` patches pydantic models from
[scim2-models](https://scim2-models.readthedocs.io/).

/cc @DMRobertson @gotmax23
fixes #17659 


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