More types for synapse.util, part 1 (#10888)

The following modules now pass `disallow_untyped_defs`:

* synapse.util.caches.cached_call 
* synapse.util.caches.lrucache
* synapse.util.caches.response_cache 
* synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache
* synapse.util.caches.ttlcache pass
* synapse.util.daemonize
* synapse.util.patch_inline_callbacks pass `no-untyped-defs`
* synapse.util.versionstring

Additional typing in synapse.util.metrics. Didn't get this to pass `no-untyped-defs`, think I'll need to watch #10847