Use Pydantic to systematically validate a first batch of endpoints in `synapse.rest.client.account`. (#13188)

After this change `synapse.logging` is fully typed.

* Cast to postgres types when handling postgres db

* Remove unused method

* Easy annotations

* Annotate create_room

* Use `ParamSpec` to annotate looping_call

* Annotate `default_config`

* Track `now` as a float

`time_ms` returns an int like the proper Synapse `Clock`

* Introduce a `Timer` dataclass

* Introduce a Looper type

* Suppress checking of a mock

* tests.utils is typed

* Changelog

* Whoops, import ParamSpec from typing_extensions

* ditch the psycopg2 casts

Completes type hints for synapse.logging.scopecontextmanager and (partially)
for synapse.logging.opentracing.

Co-authored-by: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Andrew Morgan <1342360+anoadragon453@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: David Robertson <david.m.robertson1@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Sean Quah <8349537+squahtx@users.noreply.github.com>

Not enforced in config yet. One day.

Over time we've begun to use newer versions of mypy, typeshed, stub
packages---and of course we've improved our own annotations. This makes
some type ignore comments no longer necessary. I have removed them.

There was one exception: a module that imports `select.epoll`. The
ignore is redundant on Linux, but I've kept it ignored for those of us
who work on the source tree using not-Linux. (#11771)

I'm more interested in the config line which enforces this. I want
unused ignores to be reported, because I think it's useful feedback when
annotating to know when you've fixed a problem you had to previously
ignore.

* Installing extras before typechecking

Lacking an easy way to install all extras generically, let's bite the bullet and
make install the hand-maintained `all` extra before typechecking.

Now that https://github.com/matrix-org/backend-meta/pull/6 is merged to
the release/v1 branch.

* Remove leftover references to setup.py

Missed in #12478.

* Changelog

Of note: 

* No untyped defs in `register_new_matrix_user`

This one might be contraversial. `request_registration` has three
dependency-injection arguments used for testing. I'm removing the
injection of the `requests` module and using `unitest.mock.patch` in the
test cases instead.

Doing `reveal_type(requests)` and `reveal_type(requests.get)` before the
change:

```
synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py:45: note: Revealed type is "Any"
synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py:46: note: Revealed type is "Any"
```

And after:

```
synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py:44: note: Revealed type is "types.ModuleType"
synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py:45: note: Revealed type is "def (url: Union[builtins.str, builtins.bytes], params: Union[Union[_typeshed.SupportsItems[Union[builtins.str, builtins.bytes, builtins.int, builtins.float], Union[builtins.str, builtins.bytes, builtins.int, builtins.float, typing.Iterable[Union[builtins.str, builtins.bytes, builtins.int, builtins.float]], None]], Tuple[Union[builtins.str, builtins.bytes, builtins.int, builtins.float], Union[builtins.str, builtins.bytes, builtins.int, builtins.float, typing.Iterable[Union[builtins.str, builtins.bytes, builtins.int, builtins.float]], None]], typing.Iterable[Tuple[Union[builtins.str, builtins.bytes, builtins.int, builtins.float], Union[builtins.str, builtins.bytes, builtins.int, builtins.float, typing.Iterable[Union[builtins.str, builtins.bytes, builtins.int, builtins.float]], None]]], builtins.str, builtins.bytes], None] =, data: Union[Any, None] =, headers: Union[Any, None] =, cookies: Union[Any, None] =, files: Union[Any, None] =, auth: Union[Any, None] =, timeout: Union[Any, None] =, allow_redirects: builtins.bool =, proxies: Union[Any, None] =, hooks: Union[Any, None] =, stream: Union[Any, None] =, verify: Union[Any, None] =, cert: Union[Any, None] =, json: Union[Any, None] =) -> requests.models.Response"
```

* Drive-by comment in `synapse.storage.types`

* No untyped defs in `synapse_port_db`

This was by far the most painful. I'm happy to break this up into
smaller pieces for review if it's not managable as-is.

Signed-off-by: Jorge Florian <jafn28@gmail.com>

In particular, add type hints for get_success and friends, which are then helpful in a bunch of places.

* inherit `MonthlyActiveUsersStore` from `RegistrationWorkerStore`

Co-authored-by: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>