Include user agent in user daily visits table.

Simplify `_locally_reject_invite`

Autocommit means that we don't wrap the functions in transactions, and instead get executed directly. Introduced in #8456. This will help:

1. reduce the number of `could not serialize access due to concurrent delete` errors that we see (though there are a few functions that often cause serialization errors that we don't fix here);
2. improve the DB performance, as it no longer needs to deal with the overhead of `REPEATABLE READ` isolation levels; and
3. improve wall clock speed of these functions, as we no longer need to send `BEGIN` and `COMMIT` to the DB.

Some notes about the differences between autocommit mode and our default `REPEATABLE READ` transactions:

1. Currently `autocommit` only applies when using PostgreSQL, and is ignored when using SQLite (due to silliness with [Twisted DB classes](https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/9998)).
2. Autocommit functions may get retried on error, which means they can get applied *twice* (or more) to the DB (since they are not in a transaction the previous call would not get rolled back). This means that the functions need to be idempotent (or otherwise not care about being called multiple times). Read queries, simple deletes, and updates/upserts that replace rows (rather than generating new values from existing rows) are all idempotent.
3. Autocommit functions no longer get executed in [`REPEATABLE READ`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/transaction-iso.html) isolation level, and so data can change queries, which is fine for single statement queries.

We asserted that the IDs returned by postgres sequence was greater than
any we had seen, however this is technically racey as we may update the
current positions out of order.

We now assert that the sequences are correct on startup, so the
assertion is no longer really required, so we remove them.

Signed-off-by: Christopher May-Townsend <chris@maytownsend.co.uk>

* Update documentation on retention policies limits

Document the changes from https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/8104

These are tests for #8439

* Fix outbound federaion with multiple event persisters.

We incorrectly notified federation senders that the minimum persisted
stream position had advanced when we got an `RDATA` from an event
persister.

Notifying of federation senders already correctly happens in the
notifier, so we just delete the offending line.

* Change some interfaces to use RoomStreamToken.

By enforcing use of `RoomStreamTokens` we make it less likely that
people pass in random ints that they got from somewhere random.

* Make sure a retention policy is a state event

* Changelog

Fixes #8029

Update `EventCreationHandler.create_event` to accept an auth_events param, and
use it in `_locally_reject_invite` instead of reinventing the wheel.

this is always the same as requester.access_token_id.

Should fix #3365.

* master:
  1.21.1
  Explicitly install test dependencies when building deb packages (#8523)

Signed-off-by: Christopher May-Townsend <(chris@maytownsend.co.uk)>

After https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/8377, the deb packages no longer indirectly installed the `"test"` dependencies, causing debian packages to fail to build while carrying out the unit tests.

This PR installs `test` dependencies explicitly when building debian packages.

Currently background proccesses stream the events stream use the "minimum persisted position" (i.e. `get_current_token()`) rather than the vector clock style tokens. This is broadly fine as it doesn't matter if the background processes lag a small amount. However, in extreme cases (i.e. SyTests) where we only write to one event persister the background processes will never make progress.

This PR changes it so that the `MultiWriterIDGenerator` keeps the current position of a given instance as up to date as possible (i.e using the latest token it sees if its not in the process of persisting anything), and then periodically announces that over replication. This then allows the "minimum persisted position" to advance, albeit with a small lag.

This could, very occasionally, cause:

```
tests.test_visibility.FilterEventsForServerTestCase.test_large_room
===============================================================================
[ERROR]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/src/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py", line 86, in test_ensure_media_is_in_local_cache
    self.wait_on_thread(x)
  File "/src/tests/unittest.py", line 296, in wait_on_thread
    self.reactor.advance(0.01)
  File "/src/.tox/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/twisted/internet/task.py", line 826, in advance
    self._sortCalls()
  File "/src/.tox/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/twisted/internet/task.py", line 787, in _sortCalls
    self.calls.sort(key=lambda a: a.getTime())
builtins.ValueError: list modified during sort

tests.rest.media.v1.test_media_storage.MediaStorageTests.test_ensure_media_is_in_local_cache
```

Signed-off-by: Mateusz Przybyłowicz <uamfhq@gmail.com>

This PR allows Synapse modules making use of the `ModuleApi` to create and send non-membership events into a room. This can useful to have modules send messages, or change power levels in a room etc. Note that they must send event through a user that's already in the room.

The non-membership event limitation is currently arbitrary, as it's another chunk of work and not necessary at the moment.

When pulling events out of the DB to send over replication we were not
filtering by instance name, and so we were sending events for other
instances.

All handlers now available via get_*_handler() methods on the HomeServer.

Synapse 1.21.0rc3 (2020-10-08)
==============================

Bugfixes
--------

- Fix duplication of events on high traffic servers, caused by PostgreSQL `could not serialize access due to concurrent update` errors. ([\#8456](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/8456))

Internal Changes
----------------

- Add Groovy Gorilla to the list of distributions we build `.deb`s for. ([\#8475](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/8475))

Added shields directing to synapse-dev room, showing license, latest version on PyPi and supported Python versions.
I've moved substitution definitions to the bottom to improve readability.

Signed-off-by: Mateusz Przybyłowicz <uamfhq@gmail.com>

This turns:

    Failed to parse config for 'myplugin': Exception('error message')

into:

    Failed to parse config for 'myplugin': error message.