The following modules now pass `disallow_untyped_defs`:

* synapse.util.caches.cached_call 
* synapse.util.caches.lrucache
* synapse.util.caches.response_cache 
* synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache
* synapse.util.caches.ttlcache pass
* synapse.util.daemonize
* synapse.util.patch_inline_callbacks pass `no-untyped-defs`
* synapse.util.versionstring

Additional typing in synapse.util.metrics. Didn't get this to pass `no-untyped-defs`, think I'll need to watch #10847

* Pull out GetUserDirectoryTables helper
* Don't rebuild the dir in tests that don't need it

In #10796 I changed registering a user to add directory entries under.
This means we don't have to force a directory regbuild in to tests of
the user directory search.

* Move test_initial to tests/storage
* Add type hints to both test_user_directory files

Co-authored-by: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>

* Improve typing in user_directory files

This makes the user_directory.py in storage pass most of mypy's
checks (including `no-untyped-defs`). Unfortunately that file is in the
tangled web of Store class inheritance so doesn't pass mypy at the moment.

The handlers directory has already been mypyed.

Co-authored-by: reivilibre <olivier@librepush.net>

Adds missing type hints to methods in the synapse.handlers
module and requires all methods to have type hints there.

This also removes the unused construct_auth_difference method
from the FederationHandler.

Including admin, consent, key, synapse, and media. All REST servlets
(the synapse.rest module) now require typed method definitions.

Also enables Mypy for related tests.

Additionally this enforce type hints on all function signatures inside
of the synapse.rest.client package.

Turns out that the functionality added in #10546 to skip TLS was incompatible
with older Twisted versions, so we need to be a bit more inventive.

Also, add a test to (hopefully) not break this in future. Sadly, testing TLS is
really hard.

A user will still see this room if it is in a local cache, but it will
not reappear if clearing the cache and reloading.

And ensure that the file is checked via mypy.

Fixes #9778

ACME v1 has been fully decommissioned for existing installs on June 1st 2021(see https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/end-of-life-plan-for-acmev1/88430/27), so we can now safely remove it from Synapse.

Instead of parsing the full response to `/send_join` into Python objects (which can be huge for large rooms) and *then* parsing that into events, we instead use ijson to stream parse the response directly into `EventBase` objects.

This will double count slightly in the presence of interned strings. It's off by default as it can consume a lot of resources.

I went through and removed a bunch of cruft that was lying around for compatibility with old Python versions. This PR also will now prevent Synapse from starting unless you're running Python 3.6+.

Running `dmypy run` will do a `mypy` check while spinning up a daemon
that makes rerunning `dmypy run` a lot faster.

`dmypy` doesn't support `follow_imports = silent` and has
`local_partial_types` enabled, so this PR enables those options and
fixes the issues that were newly raised. Note that `local_partial_types`
will be enabled by default in upcoming mypy releases.

This great big stack of commits is a a whole load of hoop-jumping to make it easier to store additional values in login tokens, and then to actually store the SSO Identity Provider in the login token. (Making use of that data will follow in a subsequent PR.)

This finishes adding type hints to the `synapse.handlers` module.

With this change all handlers except the e2e_* ones have
type hints enabled.