This checks that the domain given to `DomainSpecificString.is_valid` (e.g.
`UserID`, `RoomAlias`, etc.) is of a valid form. Previously some validation
was done on the localpart (e.g. the sigil), but not the domain portion.

Some light refactoring of OidcHandler, in preparation for bigger things:

  * remove inheritance from deprecated BaseHandler
  * add an object to hold the things that go into a session cookie
  * factor out a separate class for manipulating said cookies

This only applies if the user's data is to be erased.

It is expected that the proxy would be on a private IP address so the
configured proxy should be connected to regardless of the IP range
blacklist.

SynapseRequest is in danger of becoming a bit of a dumping-ground for "useful stuff relating to Requests",
which isn't really its intention (its purpose is to override render, finished and connectionLost to set up the 
LoggingContext and write the right entries to the request log).

Putting utility functions inside SynapseRequest means that lots of our code ends up requiring a
SynapseRequest when there is nothing synapse-specific about the Request at all, and any old
twisted.web.iweb.IRequest will do. This increases code coupling and makes testing more difficult.

In short: move get_user_agent out to a utility function.

For remote users, only the rooms which the server knows about are returned.
Local users have all of their joined rooms returned.

This allows for efficiently finding which users ignore a particular
user.

Co-authored-by: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>

black seems to want to reformat this, despite `black --check` being happy with
it :/

If we are lacking an optional dependency, skip the tests that rely on it.

An experimental room version ("org.matrix.msc2176") contains
the new redaction rules for testing.

* Implement CasHandler.handle_redirect_request

... to make it match OidcHandler and SamlHandler

* Clean up interface for OidcHandler.handle_redirect_request

Make it accept `client_redirect_url=None`.

* Clean up interface for `SamlHandler.handle_redirect_request`

... bring it into line with CAS and OIDC by making it take a Request parameter,
move the magic for `client_redirect_url` for UIA into the handler, and fix the
return type to be a `str` rather than a `bytes`.

* Define a common protocol for SSO auth provider impls

* Give SsoIdentityProvider an ID and register them

* Combine the SSO Redirect servlets

Now that the SsoHandler knows about the identity providers, we can combine the
various *RedirectServlets into a single implementation which delegates to the
right IdP.

* changelog

The `RoomDirectoryFederationTests` tests were not being run unless explicitly called as an `__init__.py` file was not present in `tests/federation/transport/`. Thus the folder was not a python module, and `trial` did not look inside for any test cases to run. This was found while working on #6739.

This PR adds a `__init__.py` and also fixes the test in a couple ways:

- Switch to subclassing `unittest.FederatingHomeserverTestCase` instead, which sets up federation endpoints for us.
- Supply a `federation_auth_origin` to `make_request` in order to more act like the request is coming from another server, instead of just an unauthenicated client requesting a federation endpoint.

I found that the second point makes no difference to the test passing, but felt like the right thing to do if we're testing over federation.

This table has been unused since Synapse v1.17.0.

Tests were broken due to an API changing. The code used in Synapse
proper should be compatible with both versions already.

This adds an admin API that allows a server admin to get power in a room if a local user has power in a room. Will also invite the user if they're not in the room and its a private room. Can specify another user (rather than the admin user) to be granted power.

Co-authored-by: Matthew Hodgson <matthew@matrix.org>

This had two effects 1) it'd give the wrong answer and b) would iterate
*all* power levels in the auth chain of each event. The latter of which
can be *very* expensive for certain types of IRC bridge rooms that have
large numbers of power level changes.

The final part (for now) of my work to implement a username picker in synapse itself. The idea is that we allow
`UsernameMappingProvider`s to return `localpart=None`, in which case, rather than redirecting the browser
back to the client, we redirect to a username-picker resource, which allows the user to enter a username.
We *then* complete the SSO flow (including doing the client permission checks).

The static resources for the username picker itself (in 
https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/tree/rav/username_picker/synapse/res/username_picker)
are essentially lifted wholesale from
https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-synapse-saml-mozilla/tree/master/matrix_synapse_saml_mozilla/res. 
As the comment says, we might want to think about making them customisable, but that can be a follow-up. 

Fixes #8876.

If we see stale extremities while persisting events, and notice that
they don't change the result of state resolution, we drop them.

Co-authored-by: Andrew Morgan <1342360+anoadragon453@users.noreply.github.com>

* Use the simple dictionary in fts for the user directory

* Clarify naming

Fixes a bug that deactivated users appear in the directory when their profile information was updated.

To change profile information of deactivated users is neccesary for example you will remove displayname or avatar.
But they should not appear in directory. They are deactivated.



Co-authored-by: Erik Johnston <erikj@jki.re>

This is another part of my work towards fixing #8876. It moves some of the logic currently in the SAML and OIDC handlers - in particular the call to `AuthHandler.complete_sso_login` down into the `SsoHandler`.

This improves type hinting and should use less memory.

... so that we can test its behaviour when it raises.

Also pull it out to the top level so that I can use it from other test classes.

The tests that need this all do it already.

despite the warnings saying "don't implement get_extra_attributes", we had
implemented it, so the tests weren't doing what we thought they were.