This follows a correction made in twisted/twisted#1664 and should fix our Twisted Trial CI job.

Until that change is in a twisted release, we'll have to ignore the type
of the `host` argument. I've raised #10899 to remind us to review the
issue in a few months' time.

Turns out that the functionality added in #10546 to skip TLS was incompatible
with older Twisted versions, so we need to be a bit more inventive.

Also, add a test to (hopefully) not break this in future. Sadly, testing TLS is
really hard.

This PR is tantamount to running:

    python3.8 -m com2ann -v 6 tests/

(com2ann requires python 3.8 to run)

Fixes #8518 by telling the ResponseCache not to cache the /sync response if the next_batch param is the same as the since token.

First of all, a fixup to `FakeChannel` which is needed to make it work with the default HTTP channel implementation.

Secondly, it looks like we no longer need `_PushHTTPChannel`, because as of #8013, the producer that gets attached to the `HTTPChannel` is now an `IPushProducer`. This is good, because it means we can remove a whole load of test-specific boilerplate which causes variation between tests and production.

Running `dmypy run` will do a `mypy` check while spinning up a daemon
that makes rerunning `dmypy run` a lot faster.

`dmypy` doesn't support `follow_imports = silent` and has
`local_partial_types` enabled, so this PR enables those options and
fixes the issues that were newly raised. Note that `local_partial_types`
will be enabled by default in upcoming mypy releases.

Type hint fixes due to Twisted 21.2.0 adding type hints.

... otherwise, we don't get the cookie back.

 - Update black version to the latest
 - Run black auto formatting over the codebase
    - Run autoformatting according to [`docs/code_style.md
`](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/80d6dc9783aa80886a133756028984dbf8920168/docs/code_style.md)
 - Update `code_style.md` docs around installing black to use the correct version

* Factor out a common TestHtmlParser

Looks like I'm doing this in a few different places.

* Improve OIDC login test

Complete the OIDC login flow, rather than giving up halfway through.

* Ensure that OIDC login works with multiple OIDC providers

* Fix bugs in handling clientRedirectUrl

 - don't drop duplicate query-params, or params with no value
 - allow utf-8 in query-params

* Add complete test for UI-Auth-via-SSO.

* review comments

This was never used, so let's get rid of it.

During user-interactive auth, do not offer password auth to users with no
password, nor SSO auth to users with no SSO.

Fixes #7559.

A few test cases were relying on being able to mount non-client servlets on the
test resource. it's better to give them their own Resources.

remove the stubbing out of `request.process`, so that `requestReceived` also renders the request via the appropriate resource.

Replace render() with a stub for now.

FakeChannel has everything we need, and this more accurately models the real
flow.

Some tests want to set some custom HTTP request headers, so provide a way to do
that before calling requestReceived().

Fixes #6755

This modifies the configuration of structured logging to be usable from
the standard Python logging configuration.

This also separates the formatting of logs from the transport allowing
JSON logs to files or standard logs to sockets.

This allows trailing commas in multi-line arg lists.

Minor, but we might as well keep our formatting current with regard to
our minimum supported Python version.

Signed-off-by: Dan Callahan <danc@element.io>

This could, very occasionally, cause:

```
tests.test_visibility.FilterEventsForServerTestCase.test_large_room
===============================================================================
[ERROR]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/src/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py", line 86, in test_ensure_media_is_in_local_cache
    self.wait_on_thread(x)
  File "/src/tests/unittest.py", line 296, in wait_on_thread
    self.reactor.advance(0.01)
  File "/src/.tox/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/twisted/internet/task.py", line 826, in advance
    self._sortCalls()
  File "/src/.tox/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/twisted/internet/task.py", line 787, in _sortCalls
    self.calls.sort(key=lambda a: a.getTime())
builtins.ValueError: list modified during sort

tests.rest.media.v1.test_media_storage.MediaStorageTests.test_ensure_media_is_in_local_cache
```

This converts calls like super(Foo, self) -> super().

Generated with:

    sed -i "" -Ee 's/super\([^\(]+\)/super()/g' **/*.py

This PR adds a confirmation step to resetting your user password between clicking the link in your email and your password actually being reset.

This is to better align our password reset flow with the industry standard of requiring a confirmation from the user after email validation.

* Fix client reader sharding tests

* Newsfile

* Fix typing

* Update changelog.d/7853.misc

Co-authored-by: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>

* Move mocking of http_client to tests

Co-authored-by: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>

We already get the Site via the Channel, so there's no need for a dedicated
RequestFactory: we can just use the right constructor.

This encapsulates config for a given database and is the way to get new
connections.

The `http_proxy` and `HTTPS_PROXY` env vars can be set to a `host[:port]` value which should point to a proxy.

The address of the proxy should be excluded from IP blacklists such as the `url_preview_ip_range_blacklist`.

The proxy will then be used for
 * push
 * url previews
 * phone-home stats
 * recaptcha validation
 * CAS auth validation

It will *not* be used for:
 * Application Services
 * Identity servers
 * Outbound federation
 * In worker configurations, connections from workers to masters

Fixes #4198.